This article considers some features of metal nanoparticle fabrication in polymer matrices by ion implantation. This technological approach is very promising for the development of optical composite materials. The polymer layers were irradiated by silver ions with high doses up to 1017 ion/cm2. Optical density spectra of these composites demonstrate that the silver nanoparticles exhibit unusually weak and wide plasmon resonance spectra. The formation of silver nanoparticles in carbonized polymers by ion irradiation is reviewed. Based on the Mie theory, optical extinction spectra for metal particles in polymer and carbon matrices are simulated and compared with optical spectra for complex silver core-carbon shell nanoparticles.