Different laser-based methods for the fabrication of nanoparticles and ordered nanoparticle structures, including possibilities for their functionalization and replication in polymeric materials, are discussed. Nanoparticles made from noble metals, supporting collective electron oscillations, and low absorbing dielectric nanoparticles, having large permittivity values, can both be resonantly excited by external electromagnetic fields which make them attractive for biophotonic and sensing applications. For applications in biomedicine especially polymeric nanoparticles, as drug delivery systems, are very important. Fabrication of all these types of nanoparticles can be realized with laser technologies, which are briefly reviewed in this chapter.