The generation of nanoparticles using pulsed laser ablation has inherent advantages compared to conventional methods, like the purity and stability of the fabricated nanoparticle aerosols and col- loids. This study addresses the influence of the pulse energy on the nanoparticle productivity and particle size during femtosecond laser fabrication of nanoparticles in air and liquids (water, hexane). Moreover, in-situ conjugation of nanoparticles in hexane is studied. The nanoparticle generation rate is 100 times higher in air compared to water. Higher pulse ener- gies lead to higher productivity, but due to shielding effects, the optimum was determined at moder- ate pulse energies around 200 μJ, measured by the highest absorption intensity of the plasmon reso- nance of the colloids. In non-polar liquid, the in-situ conjugation of gold nanoparticles to thiol molecules during pulsed laser ablation is studied. At higher concentrations (8 mmol/l) of do- decanethiol in n-he xane solution, significant smaller nanopa rticles (30 nm) and less agglomerates are generated.