Space Technologies
Lasers are required as parts of measuring instruments on space missions for the exploration of planets. Possible applications are remote sensing like altimetry for the investigation of the topography of the planetary surface, on-site spectrometric analysis of soil samples, LIDAR (light detection and ranging) applications for atmospheric investigations, precision interferometry, and intersatellite communications.
The Space Technologies group deals with the development of diode-pumped solid-state laser systems which are intended for use in space. Typically, these systems have to fulfil extreme requirements with respect to life time, power consumption, mass, operating and non-operating temperature ranges, pressure, mechanical stability, and ionising radiation. Thus, these systems need adequate opto-mechanical and thermal concepts which are adapted to the respective mission and which have to be verified by simulations and environmental tests. An important contribution to the research and development activities is given by the membership of the research group “Photonic Devices for Space Applications” in the Center for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST). This group works on the design, realization, and test of compact and reliable photonic devices for space-based applications.
Main fields of work
- development of diode-pumped solid-state and fiber lasers and amplifiers for spaceborne applications
- structural and thermal analysis of systems and subassemblies
- accomplishment /support of environmental tests (thermal vacuum tests, vibration tests, radiation tests)
Currently, the development of several prototypes for such laser systems is in progress. One of these projects is the development of a laser prototype for the Mars mission ExoMars which is planned by ESA/NASA. The laser head is a diode-pumped, passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with a subsequent frequency-quadrupling stage using nonlinear crystals which produce ultraviolet radiation from the infrared light of the oscillator. The flight model of this laser is intended for use in a laser-desorption mass spectrometer which will search for traces of life on the Martian surface. In a further project, the prototype of a Nd:YLF laser for mineralogical investigations in a coupled Raman-LIBS instrument has been developed. Furthermore, comprehensive competencies have been acquired by carrying out laser development projects for spaceborne detection of gravitational waves, LIDAR applications, intersatellite communication links, and altimetry.